Tony Southall – European Financial Markets

Tony Southall – European Financial Markets

Description:

EU membership involves political and economic reforms which influence financial markets in the new member states.
This study empirically explores and quantifies the effects of EU accession on the risk and return of equity markets in eight Central and Eastern European markets joining the EU in 2004.
The study also incorporates a review of how the influence of macroeconomic variables and the level of integration with global and European markets change as a result of EU membership.
Based on empirical tests using weekly data over ten years, this study concludes that EU membership results in a significant decline in equity market volatility and a significant increase in risk-adjusted, but not absolute, equity returns. Furthermore, the study suggests that equity markets in new EU member states become increasingly influenced by global rather than local macroeconomic factors after the EU accession and that the level of integration with global markets increases.

Bond -Stock Trading course: Learn about Bond -Stock Trading

Bond trading definition
Bond trading is one way of making profit from fluctuations in the value of corporate or government bonds.
Many view it as an essential part of a diversified trading portfolio, alongside stocks and cash.

A bond is a financial instrument that works by allowing individuals to loan cash to institutions such as governments or companies.
The institution will pay a defined interest rate on the investment for the duration of the bond, and then give the original sum back at the end of the loan’s term.

A stock trader or equity trader or share trader is a person or company involved in trading equity securities.
Stock traders may be an agent, hedger, arbitrageur, speculator, stockbroker.
Such equity trading in large publicly traded companies may be through a stock exchange.
Stock shares in smaller public companies may be bought and sold in over-the-counter (OTC) markets.

Stock traders can trade on their own account, called proprietary trading, or through an agent authorized to buy and sell on the owner’s behalf.
Trading through an agent is usually through a stockbroker. Agents are paid a commission for performing the trade.

Major stock exchanges have market makers who help limit price variation (volatility) by buying and selling a particular company’s shares on their own behalf and also on behalf of other clients.